IMPORTANT TRIBAL GROUPS OF INDIA

   India has the largest concentration of the tribal population among the countries in the world, next only to Africa, according to Ratha (1986:01). According to 2011 Census, the total tribal population is less  than 9% of  the country’s  total population. The majority of  the tribal population is found in the Eastern, Central  and Western regions of  India. They are mostly backward, deprived and oppressed sections of Indian society. The tribal economy can be termed as a subsistence economy or a primitive economy. A large number of tribes are still dependent on cultivation, food gathering and fruit collecting exercises for their survival. They are at the lowest rung of national development in India. 

Article 342(1) provides that the President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State after consultation with the Govern or thereof by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of a group or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purpose of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory as the case may be. Parliament may by law  include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under Clause (1) any tribe or tribal community or part or group within any tribe or tribal  community. Religion is not a bar in the case  of Scheduled Tribes. 

List of Tribal Groups in India 

Tribes
Regions
Abors
 Arunachal Pradesh
Aptanis
 Arunachal Pradesh
Badagas
 Nilgiri (TN)
Baiga
 Madhya Pradesh
Bhils
 Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, some in Gujarat and Maharashtra
Bhot
 Himachal Pradesh
Bhotias
 Garhwal and Kumaon regions of U. P.
Chakma
 Tripura
Chenchus
 Andhra Pradesh, Orissa
Gaddis
 Himachal Pradesh
Garos
 Meghalaya
Gonds
 Madhya Pradesh. Also in Bihar, Orissa and A.P.
Gujjars
 Himachal Pradesh, J&K
Jarawas
 Andaman & Nicobar inhabiting Little Andamans
Khas
 Jaunsar-Babar area in U.P.
Khasis
 Assam, Meghalaya
Kol
 Madhya Pradesh
Kotas
 Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu)
Kuki
 Manipur
Lepchas
 Sikkim
Lushais
 Mizoram
Murias
 Bastar (Madhya Pradesh)
Mikirs
 Assam
Mundas
 Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal
Nagas
(Angami, Sema, Ao, Tangkul, Lahora)
 Nagaland, some in Assam and NEFA region.
Oarons (also called Kurukh)
 Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.
Onges
 Andaman and Nicobar islands
Santals
 Birbhum region in Bengal, Hazaribagh, Purnea in Bihar, Orissa
Sentinelese
 Sentinel Island, Andaman and Nicobar
Shompens
 Andaman and Nicobar
Todas
 Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu)
Uralis
 Kerala
Warlis
 Maharashtra

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